Attracting of Electrophile and resonating structures.pdf


























Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Implication of operant conditioning pakistani educational system.pdf

implication of operant conditioning pakistani educational system 1. Successive approximation: Successive approximation is a process which means that complicated behaviour patterns are learned gradually through successive steps which are rewarding for the learner. Every successful step of the child must be rewarded by the teacher. 2. Eliminating negative behaviour through extinction: When a learned response is repeated without reinforcement, the strength of the tendency to perform that response undergoes a progressive decrease. Extinction procedures can be successfully used by the class-room teacher in eliminating negative behaviour of students. 3. Reinforcement: Operant conditioning has valuable implications for reinforcement techniques in the class-room. The schools can use the principles of operant conditioning to eliminate the element of fear from school atmosphere by using positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is perhaps the most widely used behavioural technique in the sc...
Read more

IR Spectroscopy pdf

Image
Definition : Infrared spectroscopy is the measurement of wavelength and the absorption of light by sample. It also deals with infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum such as the light which have longer long wavelength and a lower frequency than visible light All major functional groups absorb at their characteristics wavenumbers. From the data available due to absorption frequencies, the probable structure can be predicted. If some chemical data is available, it leads to the confirmation of the structure. Parts of Infrared region: The Infrared region divided into three parts which are given below; • Near Infrared: This region includes from 75um to 2.5um having wave numbers ranges from 12500-4000cm-1. In this region, usually the absorption bands due to overtones of hydrogen stretching vibrations. • Middle or Fundamental infrared: This region lies from 2.5 to 16um having wavenumber 4000-625cm-1. Rotations and molecular vibrations take place in it region. • Far Infrared This reg...
Read more